Down's syndrome is caused by what genetic condition?

Down's syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, arises from the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. Specifically, individuals with Down's syndrome have three copies of this chromosome instead of the typical two. This abnormality occurs during cell division, either during the formation of the egg or sperm, or in the early stages of embryonic development. The presence of this additional genetic material leads to the characteristic features and developmental challenges associated with Down's syndrome.

Understanding this genetic condition is crucial as it informs both the medical approach and educational strategies for individuals with Down's syndrome. The additional genetic information from the third chromosome affects physical development and cognitive abilities, which professionals working in early childhood education must consider when designing appropriate learning environments and experiences.